You must provide the full citation (and a pinpoint to the page where the material you are referencing comes from).
**Example**: “A defendant moving for summary judgment on the affirmative defense of limitations has the burden to conclusively establish that defense.” *KPMG Peat Marwick v. Harrison Cnty. Hous. Fin. Corp.*, 988 S.W.2d 746, 748 (Tex. 1999).
**Reminder**: You have to give the full citation with both parties, the year, identification of the court, etc. only once: when you cite the case the first time.
Back to Main Menu: [[Start Here]] Determine where you last cited this case:
[[In the immediately preceding sentence]]
[[Earlier in the document but not in the immediately preceding sentence]]
Back to Main Menu: [[Start Here]] Is this the **very first** time that I'm citing this case in this document?
[[Yes]]
[[No]]
**Reminder**: You have to give the full citation with both parties, the year, identification of the court, etc. only once: when you cite the case the first time.Determine whether the material you are now citing in the current sentence is from the exact same page as the material you cited in the immediately preceding sentence.
[[It is]]
[[It is not]]
Back to Main Menu: [[Start Here]] Use short-form citation with pinpoint page number.
**Example**: The torts of defamation and business disparagement are alike in that “both involve harm from the publication of false information.” *Smith v. Jones*, 460 S.W.3d 579, 591 (Tex. 2015).
(other legal rules and analysis, citations to other legal authorities)
Even though defamation’s main purpose is to provide a remedy for reputational harm (a noneconomic injury), plaintiffs may nevertheless recover economic damages as well. *Smith*, 460 S.W.3d at 593.
Back to Main Menu: [[Start Here]] Use *Id.*
**Example**:
Since health care costs are complicated and far from transparent, “It is not uncommon or surprising that a given medical provider may have no basis for knowing what is a reasonable fee for a specific service.” *Gunn v. McCoy* 554 S.W.3d 645, 673 (Tex. 2018). However, insurance company employees who use price-comparison databases with regional and national data “are generally well-suited to determine the reasonableness of medical expenses.” *Id*.
Back to Main Menu: [[Start Here]] Use *Id.* at with the new pinpoint page number.
**Example**: A party’s silence as to a material term in a contract differs from silence as to an immaterial or non-essential term. *Fischer v. CTMI, L.L.C.*, 479 S.W.3d 231, 240 (Tex. 2016). To be enforceable, “a contract must address all of its essential and material terms with a reasonable degree of certainty and definiteness” *Id*. at 237.
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